DOXIL® (doxorubicin HCl liposome injection) is indicated for the treatment of patients with ovarian cancer whose disease has progressed or recurred after prior platinum-based therapy.
DOXIL in combination with VELCADE® (bortezomib) is indicated for the treatment of patients with multiple myeloma who have not previously received VELCADE and have received at least one prior therapy.
DOXIL is indicated for the treatment of AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma in patients with disease that has progressed on prior combination chemotherapy or in patients who are intolerant to such therapy.
The treatment of patients with AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma is based on objective tumor response rates. No results are available from controlled trials that demonstrate a clinical benefit resulting from this treatment, such as improvement in disease-related symptoms or increased survival.
The use of DOXIL may lead to cardiac toxicity. Myocardial damage may lead to congestive heart failure and may occur as the total cumulative dose of doxorubicin HCl approaches 550mg/m2.
Prior use of other anthracyclines or anthracenediones should be included in calculations of total cumulative dose.
Cardiac toxicity may also occur at lower cumulative doses (400 mg/m2) in patients with prior mediastinal irradiation or who are receiving concurrent cyclophosphamide therapy.
Acute infusion-related reactions including, but not limited to, flushing,
shortness of breath, facial swelling, headache, chills, back pain, tightness in
the chest or throat, and/or hypotension have occurred in up to 10% of
patients treated with DOXIL. In most patients, these reactions have resolved
within several hours to a day once the infusion is terminated. In some
patients, reactions resolved with slowing of the infusion rate.
Serious and sometimes life-threatening or fatal allergic/anaphylactoid-like infusion reactions have occurred. Medications to treat such reactions, as well as emergency equipment, should be available for immediate use.
The initial rate of infusion should be 1mg/min to minimize the risk of infusion reactions.
Severe myelosuppression may occur.
DOXIL dosage should be reduced in patients with impaired hepatic function.
Accidental substitution has resulted in severe side effects. Do not substitute for doxorubicin HCl on a mg per mg basis.
Contraindications
Patients with a history of hypersensitivity reactions to a conventional
doxorubicin formulation or the components of DOXIL
Nursing mothers
Additional Safety Information
Cardiac function should be carefully monitored.
Congestive heart failure or cardiomyopathy may occur after
discontinuation of anthracycline therapy.
For patients with a history of cardiovascular disease, or if the results of
cardiac monitoring indicate possible cardiac injury, the benefit of therapy
must be weighed against the risk of myocardial injury.
In the randomized multiple myeloma study, 25 patients (8%) in the
VELCADE for Injection arm and 42 patients (13%) in the VELCADE
plus DOXIL arm experienced left ventricular ejection fraction decrease
(defined as absolute decrease > 15% over baseline or a > 5% decrease
below institutional lower limit of normal).
Myelosuppression may occur; frequently monitor complete blood count
(including platelet count), at least prior to each dose of DOXIL.
In patients with recurrent ovarian cancer or AIDS-related Kaposi's
sarcoma, hematologic toxicity (based on platelet count or absolute
neutrophil count) may require dose reduction or delay in administration of
DOXIL.
In patients with multiple myeloma, hematologic toxicity (based on platelet
count, absolute neutrophil count, hemoglobin level, or neutropenia with
fever) may require dose reduction, delay in administration, or suspension
of DOXIL and/or VELCADE.
Persistent severe myelosuppression may result in superinfection,
neutropenic fever, or hemorrhage.
Sepsis occurring during neutropenia has resulted in discontinuation of
treatment and in rare cases of death.
DOXIL may potentiate the toxicity of other anticancer therapies, especially
hematologic toxicities, when used in combination with other therapies that
suppress bone marrow.
Hand-foot syndrome (HFS) may occur during therapy with DOXIL.
Based on HFS toxicity grade, dose reduction, delay in administration, or
discontinuation of DOXIL may be required.
HFS was generally observed after 2 to 3 cycles of treatment, but may
occur earlier.
The reaction was mild in most patients, resolving in 1 to 2 weeks.
The reaction can be severe and debilitating in some patients,
resulting in discontinuation of therapy.
DOXIL is an irritant, not a vesicant; use precautions to avoid extravasation.
DOXIL can cause fetal harm when used during pregnancy.
Recall reaction has occurred with DOXIL administration after radiotherapy.
DOXIL may interact with drugs known to interact with the conventional
formulation of doxorubicin HCl.
In patients with recurrent ovarian cancer, the most common all-grade adverse
reactions (ARs) > 20% (DOXIL vs topotecan, respectively) included: asthenia
(40% vs 51%), fever (21% vs 31%), nausea (46% vs 63%), stomatitis (41% vs
15%), vomiting (33% vs 44%), diarrhea (21% vs 35%), anorexia (20% vs 22%),
dyspnea (15% vs 23%), HFS (51% vs 1%), and rash (29% vs 12%).
In addition, 19% vs 52.3% reported alopecia (all grades).
Grade 3/4 hematologic ARs reported in > 5% (DOXIL vs t opotecan,
respectively) were neutropenia (12% vs 76%) and anemia (6% vs 29%).
In patients with multiple myeloma, the most common all-grade ARs > 20%
(VELCADE plus DOXIL vs VELCADE, respectively) included: neutropenia
(36% vs 22%), thrombocytopenia (33% vs 28%), anemia (25% vs 21%), fatigue
(36% vs 28%), pyrexia (31% vs 22%), asthenia (22% vs 18%), nausea (48% vs
40%), diarrhea (46% vs 39%), vomiting (32% vs 22%), constipation (31% vs
31%), mucositis/stomatitis (20% vs 5%), peripheral neuropathy (42% vs 45%),
neuralgia (17% vs 20%), and rash (22% vs 18%).
In addition, 19% vs < 1% reported HFS.
In patients with AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma, ARs reported in > 5% of
DOXIL-treated patients were: neutropenia (ANC < 1000/mm3, 46%; < 500/mm3, 11%), anemia (Hb < 10 g/dL, 58%; < 8 g/dL, 16%), thrombocytopenia (< 150,000 platelets/mm3, 61%), nausea (18%), asthenia (7%), fever (8%), alopecia (9%), vomiting (8%), diarrhea (5%), and stomatitis (5%).
